Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. It emphasizes virtue, reason, and living in accordance with nature. Here's a breakdown of key Stoic concepts:
* Virtue is the only good: Stoics believe that the only true good is virtue, which encompasses wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance. External factors like wealth, health, or pleasure are considered indifferent, meaning they are neither good nor bad in themselves.
* Reason and logic: Stoics emphasize the power of reason to guide our actions and understand the world. They believe we should strive to live in accordance with natural law and reason.
* Control what you can: Stoics focus on controlling our own thoughts, emotions, and actions, recognizing that we have no control over external circumstances.
* Acceptance and resilience: Stoicism encourages acceptance of whatever happens, understanding that life is filled with both good and bad events. Resilience and strength in the face of adversity are highly valued.
* Living in accordance with nature: Stoics see the universe as governed by a rational order (logos) and believe that living in harmony with this order is the key to happiness.
Key figures:
* Zeno of Citium: Founder of Stoicism
* Epictetus: A Stoic philosopher who wrote "The Enchiridion," a guide to living a Stoic life.
* Marcus Aurelius: Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher who wrote "Meditations," a personal journal reflecting on Stoic principles.
Modern relevance:
Stoicism has experienced a resurgence in popularity in recent years, as its principles offer guidance on navigating the challenges of modern life. Its emphasis on self-control, acceptance, and resilience resonates with many seeking to live a more fulfilling and meaningful life.