Formal:
* Proverb: This is the most common and formal term, emphasizing the wisdom or truth embedded in the saying.
* Adage: Similar to proverb, but often referring to a saying that is more practical or worldly.
* Maxim: A concise expression of a general truth or rule of conduct, often implying a moral lesson.
* Aphorism: A pithy observation that contains a general truth.
* Idiom: This term refers to a phrase or expression whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal meanings of its words.
* Cliché: This term suggests a saying that has become overused and lacks originality.
Informal:
* Saying: A general term for any well-known expression.
* Quote: This refers to a specific phrase spoken by someone, often a famous person.
* Expression: A broad term that can refer to any saying, phrase, or idiom.
* Catchphrase: A popular phrase associated with a particular person or group.
* Folk wisdom: Refers to sayings that are passed down through generations, often representing traditional beliefs.
Other:
* Slang: Informal, often regional language, including slang sayings.
* Colloquialism: A word or phrase used in everyday conversation, often considered informal.
Example:
Instead of saying, "They say you can't teach an old dog new tricks," you could say:
* "That's a common proverb."
* "It's an old adage, but does it really hold true?"
* "There's a saying about teaching old dogs new tricks."
The best way to refer to a saying depends on the context and your intended meaning.