In Hinduism and Buddhism:
* Peace: This is the most common and literal meaning of shantih. It refers to a state of inner tranquility, harmony, and freedom from mental and emotional turmoil. It's often used to describe a sense of peace that transcends worldly worries and suffering.
* Well-being: Shantih can also represent a state of overall well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual health.
* Salvation: In some religious contexts, shantih signifies liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and attaining a state of ultimate bliss.
In the "Mandukya Upanishad":
* The ultimate reality: The "Mandukya Upanishad" uses the word "Shantih" three times at the end, signifying the three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. These three states ultimately merge into the ultimate reality, which is characterized by peace, stillness, and oneness.
In everyday usage:
* Greeting: Shantih can be used as a greeting, similar to "Peace be with you."
* Closing: In some religious ceremonies and rituals, it is often used as a closing phrase, invoking peace and blessings.
Therefore, the meaning of "Shantih" is complex and multi-layered. It encapsulates a state of peace, well-being, liberation, and ultimate reality, depending on the specific context.