For indicating past state or condition:
* Were (plural)
* Existed (more formal)
* Became (implies change)
* Had been (emphasizes duration)
* Used to be (indicates a past state that no longer exists)
For indicating past action:
* Did (more general)
* Accomplished (more formal)
* Performed (more formal)
* Completed (implies finishing)
* Achieved (implies success)
For indicating past events:
* Occurred (more formal)
* Took place (more formal)
* Happened (more casual)
The best synonym for "was" will depend on the specific situation and what you want to emphasize.