For biological sex:
* Sex: This is the most direct synonym, referring to the biological differences between males and females.
* Biological sex: This emphasizes the biological aspect of sex.
For social and cultural roles:
* Social gender: This focuses on the socially constructed roles and expectations associated with different genders.
* Gender identity: This refers to an individual's personal sense of their own gender.
* Gender expression: This refers to how an individual expresses their gender identity through their appearance, behavior, and other means.
For broader concepts:
* Sexuality: This encompasses a broader range of concepts, including sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression.
* Identity: This is a more general term that can encompass gender identity but also other aspects of identity, such as race, ethnicity, or nationality.
Ultimately, the best synonym for "gender" depends on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.