Here's how they work:
* Present participle: Describes an action that is happening or ongoing.
* Example: "The running water splashed on the sidewalk." ("Running" modifies "water" and describes its action.)
* Past participle: Describes a completed action or a state resulting from an action.
* Example: "The broken vase lay on the floor." ("Broken" modifies "vase" and describes its state.)
Here are some examples of participial adjectives:
* Present participle:
* The singing bird perched on the branch.
* We enjoyed the falling leaves.
* Past participle:
* The painted wall was bright and cheerful.
* He wore a worn jacket.
Note: There are some participial adjectives that are not directly derived from verbs, but are used as adjectives. These include:
* amused
* delighted
* excited
* tired
In a nutshell, a participial adjective is a verb that has been transformed into an adjective, providing a descriptive detail about a noun or pronoun.