Here's a breakdown:
What makes it "formal"?
* Respectful and Deferential: Plural formal forms are used to convey respect and distance.
* Not Always Literal: It doesn't always mean that the person speaking is literally addressing multiple individuals. Sometimes, it's used even when addressing one person as a gesture of formality.
* Historically Common: This form of address was once more common in many languages but is becoming less prevalent in modern times.
How it works:
* Specific Pronouns/Verb Forms: Each language has its own way of marking plural formal. It might involve:
* Special pronouns: "You" forms that are different from the regular plural "you."
* Verb conjugations: Unique verb forms used when addressing multiple people formally.
* Other grammatical features: Specific word choices, titles, or honorifics.
Examples:
* Spanish: "Ustedes" (formal plural "you") vs. "Vosotros" (informal plural "you").
* French: "Vous" (formal plural "you" used for both singular and plural) vs. "Tu" (informal "you").
* German: "Sie" (formal plural "you") vs. "Ihr" (informal plural "you").
Modern Usage:
* Declining: In many languages, the use of plural formal is declining as social structures become more egalitarian.
* Still Used in Specific Contexts: It's still common in some settings, such as:
* Formal occasions and ceremonies
* Addressing government officials or religious figures
* When addressing someone significantly older or of higher social standing
It's important to note that the specific rules and usage of plural formal can vary widely between languages and cultures. Always try to learn the appropriate forms and usage for the language you are learning or using.