General:
* Neophyte: A beginner or novice.
* Neologism: A newly coined word or phrase.
* Neonatal: Relating to newborn infants.
* Neoclassical: Relating to a revival of classical styles in art, literature, or music.
* Neolithic: Relating to the later part of the Stone Age.
Specific:
* Neoplasm: A new growth of tissue, especially a tumor.
* Neodymium: A rare earth element.
* Neo-Gothic: A revival of Gothic architecture in the 19th century.
* Neo-liberalism: A modified form of liberalism emphasizing free-market capitalism.
* Neo-Nazi: A person who holds neo-Nazi views.
* Neon: A colorless gas that glows when electricity passes through it.
* Neo-pagan: A modern revival of paganism.
* Neo-realism: A film movement that emphasized realism and everyday life.
* Neo-impressionism: A style of painting characterized by small, distinct brushstrokes.
* Neoplatonism: A philosophical system based on Plato's teachings.
This is not an exhaustive list, but it gives you a good starting point for understanding the prefix "neo" and its many uses.