Formal:
* Your Honor: This is the most common and respectful title used in most courts in the United States.
* Judge [Last Name]: This is a more formal address, often used in written documents or when directly addressing the judge.
* Justice [Last Name]: This is used for judges in higher courts, such as the Supreme Court.
* Your Lordship/Ladyship: Used in some Commonwealth countries, particularly in the UK.
Informal:
* Judge: This is sometimes used in casual settings, but it's always best to err on the side of formality in court.
Important Considerations:
* Always use the title that is appropriate for the specific court and jurisdiction.
* Never use a judge's first name or a nickname.
* Be respectful and courteous when addressing a judge.
Examples:
* "Your Honor, I have a question for the witness."
* "Judge Smith, we would like to request a continuance."
* "Justice Roberts, the plaintiff respectfully submits this brief."
Note: If you are unsure of the proper title to use, it's always best to ask the court staff or a lawyer for guidance.