1. Possession:
* Direct possession: "J'ai un livre." (I have a book.)
* Indirect possession: "Il a des amis." (He has friends.)
2. Expressing physical states:
* Feeling: "J'ai froid." (I am cold.) "Il a faim." (He is hungry.)
* Health: "Elle a mal à la tête." (She has a headache.)
3. Expressing time and age:
* Time: "Il est 10 heures. J'ai 30 minutes." (It is 10 o'clock. I have 30 minutes.)
* Age: "J'ai 25 ans." (I am 25 years old.)
4. With certain verbs in compound tenses:
* Past Participle: "Je suis allé au cinéma." (I went to the cinema.) Note: "être" + Past Participle is used for movement verbs.
* Present Perfect: "J'ai mangé." (I have eaten.) Note: "avoir" + Past Participle is used for actions in the past that have consequences in the present.
5. With some idioms and expressions:
* "Avoir besoin de..." (To need something)
* "Avoir envie de..." (To want something)
* "Avoir peur de..." (To be afraid of something)
Important Note:
The verb "avoir" is also used to form the negative and interrogative forms of verbs with the auxiliary "être" (to be).
* Negative: "Je ne suis pas là." (I am not here.)
* Interrogative: "Est-ce que tu es là?" (Are you here?)
Let me know if you have any other questions about "avoir" or French grammar!