Here's a breakdown:
* Origin: The word originates in one language (the source language).
* Adoption: It's adopted into another language (the borrowing language).
* Adaptation: The borrowed word might undergo some changes in pronunciation, spelling, or meaning to fit the grammar and phonology of the new language.
Examples:
* English borrowed "pizza" from Italian. The pronunciation and spelling remained mostly unchanged.
* English borrowed "tsunami" from Japanese. The pronunciation was adapted to English sound patterns.
* English borrowed "kindergarten" from German. The meaning remained mostly the same, but the spelling was slightly adapted.
Reasons for Borrowing:
* Cultural exchange: New concepts, technologies, or cultural practices are introduced, requiring new vocabulary.
* Prestige: Borrowing words from languages seen as prestigious can add sophistication to a language.
* Ease of communication: Borrowing words simplifies communication between speakers of different languages.
Note: Borrowing is a natural process in language evolution. Most languages have borrowed words from other languages throughout their history.