* Preposition: This is the most common usage. It shows a relationship between a noun or pronoun and the rest of the sentence.
* Example: "The package included several items, including a book."
* Gerund: It can act as a noun, specifically as the subject or object of a verb.
* Example: Including so many features makes the product expensive.
* Participle: It can be used as an adjective, modifying a noun.
* Example: The including statement caused a lot of controversy.
The best way to determine the part of speech is to examine its role within the sentence.