General Synonyms:
* Swallowed
* Overwhelmed
* Submerged
* Surrounded
* Enclosed
* Covered
* Inundated
* Immersed
* Drowned
* Consumed
More specific synonyms:
* Swept away (implies a strong force)
* Engulfed in flames (for fire)
* Engulfed in darkness (for darkness)
* Engulfed in emotion (for feelings)
* Engulfed in the crowd (for being surrounded by many people)
The best synonym will depend on the specific situation and the meaning you want to convey.