1. Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
2. Verb: The action the subject is performing or the state of being of the subject.
3. Object: The person, place, thing, or idea that receives the action of the verb. (Not all sentences have an object.)
4. Complement: A word or phrase that provides more information about the subject or object. (Not all sentences have a complement.)
5. Modifiers: Words or phrases that describe or modify other words in the sentence. (Not all sentences have modifiers.)
Here's an example:
* Subject: The cat
* Verb: sat
* Object: on the mat
* Complement: (none)
* Modifier: The fluffy, white cat
Complete sentence: The fluffy, white cat sat on the mat.
Note: While all five elements are important for a sentence to be grammatically correct, not all sentences will include all five elements.