* These is used for things that are close to the speaker.
* Those is used for things that are far from the speaker.
Here are some examples:
These
* These apples are ripe. (The apples are close to the speaker)
* These people are my friends. (The people are close to the speaker)
* These books are interesting. (The books are close to the speaker)
Those
* Those cars are expensive. (The cars are far from the speaker)
* Those mountains are beautiful. (The mountains are far from the speaker)
* Those cookies are delicious. (The cookies are far from the speaker)
Note:
* "These" and "those" can also be used with plural pronouns, such as "we," "they," and "you."
* They are not used with singular nouns. For singular nouns, we use "this" and "that".
Incorrect usage:
* These book is interesting. (Incorrect: should be "This book is interesting")
* Those apple is ripe. (Incorrect: should be "That apple is ripe")
Remember that "these" and "those" are demonstrative adjectives, used to point out specific things. They are not used to describe the qualities of nouns.