1. Definition/Explanation Clues: The text directly defines or explains the unknown word. This can be through a synonym, a restatement, or a simple explanation.
* Example: "The ornithologist, or bird expert, studied the migratory patterns of the geese." (The word "bird expert" defines ornithologist.)
2. Example Clues: The text provides examples that illustrate the meaning of the unknown word.
* Example: "The artist's abstract paintings were full of swirling colors and shapes, unlike the realistic portraits she had painted in the past." (The example of swirling colors and shapes suggests the meaning of "abstract".)
3. Synonym/Antonym Clues: The text uses synonyms (words with similar meanings) or antonyms (words with opposite meanings) to provide clues about the unknown word.
* Example: "The serene atmosphere of the library was a welcome change from the bustling streets outside." (The word "bustling" is an antonym for "serene," suggesting a calm or peaceful meaning.)