* Mga palatandaan sa konteksto (literally "contextual signs")
* Mga pahiwatig sa konteksto (literally "contextual hints")
* Mga pahiwatig mula sa konteksto (literally "hints from context")
These phrases capture the essence of using surrounding information to understand a word or phrase.
You could also use mga senyales sa konteksto (contextual signals) or mga pahiwatig ng konteksto (contextual indications).
Ultimately, the best term to use will depend on the specific situation and how you want to emphasize the concept of using surrounding information to understand a word or phrase.