Uncountable: When referring to the substance itself, it's uncountable:
* "There was rust on the old car."
* "He cleaned the rust off the tools."
Countable: When referring to individual instances or patches of rust, it's countable:
* "He found several rust spots on the metal."
* "The old fence had a few rusts on it."
It's important to consider the context to determine whether "rust" is countable or uncountable.