Referring to the digestive system:
* Digestive
* Gastrointestinal
* Alimentary canal
* Digestive tract
Referring to food and nourishment:
* Nutritional
* Nutritive
* Food
* Nourishing
Other options:
* Dietary
* Gastric
* Enteric
Ultimately, the best substitute for "alimentary" will depend on the specific context and what you are trying to convey.