General synonyms:
* Dispute: A disagreement, often heated.
* Debate: A formal discussion with opposing viewpoints.
* Controversy: A prolonged disagreement or debate, often public.
* Clash: A conflict or disagreement.
* Quarrel: A heated argument, often personal.
* Row: A noisy and angry argument.
* Brawl: A noisy and violent argument.
* Squabble: A petty argument.
* Feud: A long-standing and bitter argument between individuals or groups.
* Confrontation: A direct encounter marked by disagreement.
Synonyms emphasizing logical reasoning:
* Reasoning: The process of using logic to reach a conclusion.
* Line of reasoning: A series of connected ideas used to support a claim.
* Premise: A statement used as a starting point for an argument.
* Conclusion: The final point reached in an argument.
* Proof: Evidence that supports an argument.
* Justification: A reason or explanation for a decision or action.
Synonyms emphasizing the specific topic of the argument:
* Case: A set of facts or arguments presented to support a claim.
* Proposition: A statement or proposal that is put forward for consideration.
* Thesis: A main idea or argument that is presented and defended.
* Claim: A statement that is asserted as true.
The best synonym to use will depend on the specific context and the tone you want to convey.