Stronger, more negative:
* Foul
* Rank
* Noisome
* Putrid
* Fetid
* Malodorous
* Reeking
* Stench (used as a noun, but can also be used as an adjective)
More subtle, less harsh:
* Musty (already mentioned)
* Dusty
* Mildewy
* Damp
* Earthy
* Stale (already mentioned)
* Acrid (can describe a sharp, unpleasant smell)
* Fungus-like
The best adjective to use depends on the specific context and the intensity of the smell.