1. Function:
* Subject: The noun performing the action (e.g., "The dog barked.")
* Object: The noun receiving the action (e.g., "He threw the ball.")
* Complement: Provides more information about the subject (e.g., "She is a doctor.")
* Appositive: Renames another noun (e.g., "My brother, John, is coming.")
2. Classification:
* Common: General names (e.g., dog, city, happiness)
* Proper: Specific names (e.g., Fido, London, Buddhism)
* Concrete: Physical things you can touch (e.g., chair, flower, water)
* Abstract: Ideas or concepts (e.g., love, freedom, justice)
* Collective: Groups of things (e.g., team, flock, family)
* Countable: Can be counted (e.g., two apples, five books)
* Uncountable: Cannot be counted (e.g., information, water, happiness)
3. Inflection:
* Number: Singular (one) vs. plural (more than one) (e.g., cat/cats)
* Gender: Masculine, feminine, neuter (e.g., he/she/it)
* Case: Nominative (subject), objective (object), possessive (ownership) (e.g., "The dog barked." vs. "He threw the ball." vs. "That's John's car.")
4. Other Properties:
* Semantic Field: Nouns are organized into groups based on their meanings (e.g., fruits, vegetables, furniture, vehicles)
* Synonymy: Nouns that have similar meanings (e.g., car/automobile)
* Antonymy: Nouns that have opposite meanings (e.g., hot/cold)
Example:
* "The happy dog"
* Function: Subject
* Classification: Common, concrete, countable
* Inflection: Singular, neuter, nominative
Understanding these properties helps you identify and understand nouns in sentences, which is crucial for effective reading, writing, and communication.