Shruti (श्रुति):
* Meaning: "That which is heard" or "revealed."
* Source: Considered to be directly revealed by God, transcending human authorship.
* Examples: The Vedas (Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda), Upanishads, and Brahma Sutras.
* Characteristics:
* Timeless and eternal.
* Considered infallible and authoritative.
* Cannot be modified or interpreted subjectively.
Smriti (स्मृति):
* Meaning: "That which is remembered" or "tradition."
* Source: Compiled by sages and scholars based on their understanding of the Shruti.
* Examples: The Bhagavad Gita, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Laws of Manu (Manusmriti), and other Dharma Shastras.
* Characteristics:
* Based on the interpretation of the Shruti.
* Can be debated and interpreted.
* Subject to changes and adaptations over time.
Difference between Shruti and Smriti:
| Feature | Shruti | Smriti |
|---|---|---|
| Source | Divine Revelation | Human Interpretation |
| Authority | Infallible | Subject to debate |
| Nature | Timeless and Eternal | Temporal and changeable |
| Examples | Vedas, Upanishads | Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana |
In summary:
* Shruti represents the original, divine source of knowledge, while Smriti is a human interpretation and compilation of that knowledge.
* Shruti is considered more authoritative than Smriti, but Smriti provides a more accessible and practical application of religious teachings.
* Both Shruti and Smriti are important sources of knowledge and guidance for Hindus.
Note: The terms "Shruti" and "Smriti" are also used in other religions, although their specific meanings may vary.