Here's how it works:
* Relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that) introduce relative clauses, which provide additional information about a noun.
* Implied relative pronouns occur in reduced relative clauses, where the relative pronoun and the auxiliary verb (usually "be" or "have") are omitted. This is often done to make the sentence shorter and more concise.
Example:
* Full relative clause: "The woman who is standing by the door is my sister."
* Reduced relative clause: "The woman standing by the door is my sister."
In the reduced clause, the relative pronoun "who" and the auxiliary verb "is" are omitted. However, the meaning remains the same. We still understand that the woman who is standing by the door is the speaker's sister.
Common situations where implied relative pronouns occur:
* After a possessive: "The man whose car is parked outside is my neighbor." (Reduced: "The man whose car is parked outside is my neighbor.")
* After a noun followed by a participle: "The students taking the exam are in the auditorium." (Reduced: "The students taking the exam are in the auditorium.")
* After a noun followed by an adjective: "The house built in the 19th century is now a museum." (Reduced: "The house built in the 19th century is now a museum.")
Understanding implied relative pronouns can help you interpret complex sentences and improve your own writing style. It's a useful tool to make your writing more concise and elegant.