1. A flat surface: This meaning is present in words like "plane" (a flat surface), "planet" (a celestial body with a flat, circular surface), and "plain" (a flat, open area of land).
2. A scheme or design: This meaning refers to a pre-determined course of action or arrangement. Examples include "plan" itself, "planning," and "planner."
Therefore, the root word "plan" suggests flatness or a predetermined design.