1. The Concept of Operations (CONOP):
* The "What": This is the commander's overarching vision for the operation. It outlines the desired end state, the mission objectives, and the general approach to achieve them.
* Example: "To disrupt the enemy's supply lines and prevent them from reinforcing their position, we will conduct a series of coordinated strikes against their logistics hubs."
2. Operational Design:
* The "How": This is the detailed plan that translates the CONOP into concrete actions. It involves:
* Developing the operational framework: Identifying the key tasks, the sequence of operations, and the resources needed.
* Designing the operational approach: Determining the key decision points, the lines of effort, and the desired tempo of operations.
* Establishing the operational environment: Analyzing the terrain, weather, and other factors that will impact the operation.
* This is where the art of command comes in: The commander must consider various factors like:
* Risk Assessment: Determining the potential risks and how to mitigate them.
* Flexibility: Designing a plan that can adapt to changing conditions.
* Creativity: Thinking outside the box to find innovative solutions.
3. Tactical Tasks:
* The "Who, When, Where, and How": This is the breakdown of the operational design into specific tasks for individual units. It includes:
* Mission assignment: Specifying the specific objectives for each unit.
* Timelines: Establishing a schedule for the execution of tasks.
* Geographic areas of responsibility: Defining the areas where units will operate.
* Resources: Allocating the necessary equipment, personnel, and support to each unit.
4. The Art of Command:
* Decision-making: Commanders constantly assess the situation, make decisions, and adjust the plan as needed. This involves:
* Understanding the battlefield: Grasping the dynamic nature of the situation.
* Evaluating options: Weighing the pros and cons of different courses of action.
* Taking risks: Making calculated decisions based on incomplete information.
* Leadership: Inspiring and motivating troops to achieve the objectives. This involves:
* Communication: Clearly communicating the mission and the plan.
* Building trust: Fostering confidence and a sense of shared purpose.
* Empowering subordinates: Delegating authority and allowing them to take initiative.
In summary:
While operational design relies on a structured, scientific approach, the translation of the concept of operations into tactical tasks ultimately depends on the commander's ability to apply artful decision-making, leadership, and creativity to navigate the complexities of the battlefield. This combination of science and art is what makes military operations so challenging and rewarding.