1. In Philosophy:
* A realist believes that reality exists independently of our minds. This means that things exist whether or not we are aware of them, and that our perception of them doesn't change their fundamental nature. This is in contrast to idealism, which believes that reality is mind-dependent.
* Within specific philosophical schools, "realist" can have different connotations. For example, a moral realist believes that moral truths are objective and independent of human opinion. A scientific realist believes that scientific theories are accurate representations of the world.
2. In Art and Literature:
* A realist artist or writer strives to depict reality accurately and objectively. This includes focusing on everyday life, mundane details, and avoiding idealization or romanticization.
* Realism in art often uses a direct and simple style, paying attention to light and shadow, and aiming for a truthful representation of the subject.
* Realism in literature often focuses on everyday people and their struggles, exploring social issues and using realistic dialogue and settings.
3. In Politics and Diplomacy:
* A realist politician or diplomat is pragmatic and prioritizes national interest above all else. They often believe in power politics and see international relations as a struggle for dominance.
* Realism in foreign policy emphasizes the use of force, alliances, and strategic bargaining to achieve national goals.
4. In Everyday Language:
* A realist is someone who is practical and down-to-earth. They focus on the facts, avoid wishful thinking, and are often seen as realistic and sensible.
It's important to note that these different meanings are connected. The philosophical concept of realism underpins all these different uses of the word. However, the specific connotations can vary depending on the context.