Here's a breakdown:
1. Intended Effect:
* Influencing behavior: Signals can be used to request, demand, persuade, warn, or even manipulate others. For example, a traffic light signal influences drivers to stop or go.
* Expressing feelings and emotions: Communication signals can convey happiness, sadness, anger, fear, etc. A smile might be used to show friendliness, while a frown might signal disapproval.
* Building relationships: Signals can be used to establish and maintain social bonds. A handshake can signify a greeting or agreement, while a hug expresses intimacy.
2. Social Context:
* The situation: The same signal can have different meanings depending on the context. A raised fist can mean victory in a sporting event, but it can also be a threat in a fight.
* The relationship between sender and receiver: The level of formality, familiarity, and power dynamics between the communicators can influence the interpretation of a signal. A boss might use a different tone of voice when addressing a subordinate than when speaking to a colleague.
* Cultural norms: Communication signals can vary significantly across cultures. A thumbs-up gesture is a positive sign in many Western cultures, but it's considered rude in some Middle Eastern countries.
In essence, the pragmatic function of communication signals is about:
* Understanding the intended message beyond the literal meaning.
* Recognizing the social context in which the signal is used.
* Interpreting the signal based on the relationship between sender and receiver.
By understanding the pragmatic function of communication signals, we can better interpret and respond to others' communication. This can lead to more effective and meaningful interactions.