* Short vowel sounds are typically pronounced quickly and with a closed mouth. Think of the "a" in "cat," the "e" in "bed," the "i" in "pig," the "o" in "hot," and the "u" in "cup."
* The "a" sound in "champ" is a long vowel sound (like the "a" in "say"). It is pronounced with your mouth open and the sound is drawn out a bit longer.
Let me know if you have any other words you'd like to analyze!