Here's a breakdown:
* Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) was a German engineer who invented the diesel engine in 1892.
* The engine was named after him, and the term "diesel engine" quickly became widely used.
* Over time, the term "diesel" was shortened and adopted as a common noun to refer to the fuel itself.
So, essentially, the word "diesel" is an example of an eponym, a word derived from a person's name.