For a physical action:
* Roughen: This is the most direct opposite, meaning to make something less smooth.
* Dull: This refers to making something less shiny.
* Scour: This suggests scrubbing vigorously and possibly damaging the surface.
* Mar: This implies damaging or disfiguring the surface.
* Scratch: This suggests creating small cuts or marks on the surface.
For a metaphorical action:
* Crude: This refers to something lacking refinement or sophistication.
* Unrefined: This is similar to "crude" and emphasizes the lack of polish.
* Raw: This describes something unprocessed or undeveloped.
* Unpolished: This is the most direct opposite in this context, meaning lacking refinement.
* Blunt: This refers to directness and lack of tact.
For a specific object:
* Unpolished: This works for any object that is supposed to be polished but isn't.
* Rough: This is appropriate for things like wood or stone that should be smooth.
* Tarnished: This applies to metals that have lost their shine.
* Drab: This describes a lack of vibrancy or color, which can be the opposite of a polished look.
Ultimately, the best opposite for "polish" will depend on the specific context and what you are trying to convey.