Language:
* A system of communication: It's a complex system of symbols (words, signs, gestures) used to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas.
* Abstract and symbolic: Language exists independently of any specific form of expression. It's not tied to sounds, gestures, or writing.
* Includes grammar and syntax: These rules govern how language elements are combined to convey meaning.
* Learned: Language is acquired through social interaction and instruction.
* Examples: English, Spanish, Mandarin, American Sign Language
Speech:
* The spoken form of language: It's the process of using the vocal apparatus to produce sounds that represent language.
* Physical and auditory: It involves the mouth, tongue, vocal cords, and hearing.
* A subset of language: Speech is one way to express language, but not the only way.
* Developed: Speech abilities are developed through practice and exposure.
* Examples: A spoken conversation, a lecture, a song
Think of it this way:
* Language is the blueprint: It provides the structure and rules.
* Speech is the building process: It uses the blueprint to create a specific structure using sound.
Here are some examples to clarify the difference:
* You can think about a concept like "love" in your mind without saying it out loud. That's language at work.
* When you express that concept by saying "I love you," you're using speech.
* Someone who is deaf can still use language (e.g., sign language) to communicate.
Essentially, speech is a tool for expressing language. Language can exist independently of speech, while speech requires language to have meaning.