Here's how it works:
* Long Vowel Sound: This refers to the vowel sound that is typically associated with the letter in its name. For example, the long "a" sound is the one in the word "say" or "name."
* Short Vowel Sound: This refers to the vowel sound that is typically associated with a single vowel letter followed by a consonant. For example, the short "a" sound is the one in the word "cat" or "hat."
Here's a table of long and short vowel sounds in English:
| Long Vowel Sound | Short Vowel Sound | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| /eɪ/ (say) | /ɛ/ (cat) | *say, name, late* | *cat, hat, bad* |
| /iː/ (see) | /ɪ/ (sit) | *see, me, tree* | *sit, big, ship* |
| /oʊ/ (go) | /ɒ/ (hot) | *go, no, home* | *hot, pot, stop* |
| /uː/ (flute) | /ʊ/ (put) | *flute, blue, rule* | *put, full, push* |
| /ɑː/ (father) | /ʌ/ (cup) | *father, car, star* | *cup, sun, fun* |
Important note: Even though we talk about "long" and "short" vowels, the actual length of a vowel sound can vary depending on the context of the word. For example, the vowel sound in "bat" is shorter than the vowel sound in "bait," even though both are considered "short" vowels.