* th - /θ/ (one phoneme)
* ou - /aʊ/ (one phoneme)
* gh - /t/ (one phoneme)
* t - /t/ (one phoneme)
* f - /f/ (one phoneme)
* u - /u/ (one phoneme)
* l - /l/ (one phoneme)
* y - /i/ (one phoneme)
Therefore, there are 8 phonemes in the word "thoughtfully".