Traditional grammar often lists eight parts of speech:
1. Noun: A person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., cat, house, happiness).
2. Pronoun: A word that replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it, they).
3. Verb: A word that describes an action or state of being (e.g., run, sing, be).
4. Adjective: A word that describes a noun or pronoun (e.g., big, red, happy).
5. Adverb: A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., quickly, very, extremely).
6. Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence (e.g., on, in, under, over).
7. Conjunction: A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
8. Interjection: A word that expresses strong emotion (e.g., Wow!, Ouch!).
However, modern linguistics might categorize parts of speech differently, including:
* Determiners: Words like "the", "a", "this", "that", etc.
* Auxiliary verbs: Words like "have", "be", "will", "can", etc.
* Particles: Words that can act as adverbs, prepositions, or conjunctions.
Therefore, while the traditional eight are commonly known, there's no definitive "total" as classifications can differ.