Formal:
* Pourquoi êtes-vous en colère? (This is the most direct and literal translation)
* Quelle est la raison de votre colère? (This translates to "What is the reason for your anger?")
* Qu'est-ce qui vous met en colère? (This asks "What is making you angry?")
Informal:
* Pourquoi tu es énervé(e)? (This is a casual way to ask the question)
* C'est quoi le problème? (This means "What's the problem?")
* Qu'est-ce qui te fâche? (This asks "What's bothering you?")
You can also use more idiomatic expressions like:
* Qu'est-ce qui te prend? (This literally means "What's gotten into you?")
* T'as un problème? (This is a very informal way to ask "Do you have a problem?")
The best way to choose the right expression depends on your relationship with the person you are speaking to and the situation.