Formal:
* Comment allez-vous ? (This is the most formal way to ask how someone is, used for someone you don't know well or someone older than you.)
Informal:
* Comment vas-tu ? (This is the informal way to ask a friend or someone you know well how they are.)
* Ça va ? (This is a very casual way to ask how someone is, similar to "How's it going?" in English.)
Other options:
* Comment ça va ? (This is a slightly less formal way to ask than "ça va".)
* Tu vas bien ? (This is another informal way to ask how someone is, literally meaning "Are you well?")
In response to "How are you?"
You can respond to "How are you?" in French with:
* Bien, merci. Et vous/toi ? (Good, thank you. And you?)
* Je vais bien, merci. (I'm fine, thank you.)
* Pas mal, merci. (Not bad, thank you.)
* Ça va. (I'm okay.)