Vowels (12-20 depending on classification)
* Monophthongs (single vowel sound):
* /i/ as in "see"
* /ɪ/ as in "sit"
* /e/ as in "say"
* /ɛ/ as in "set"
* /æ/ as in "cat"
* /ɑ/ as in "cot"
* /ɒ/ as in "hot"
* /ʌ/ as in "cut"
* /ʊ/ as in "put"
* /u/ as in "shoe"
* /ə/ as in "about"
* /ɜː/ as in "bird"
* Diphthongs (two vowel sounds blended together):
* /eɪ/ as in "say"
* /aɪ/ as in "buy"
* /ɔɪ/ as in "boy"
* /əʊ/ as in "go"
* /aʊ/ as in "cow"
Consonants (24-26 depending on classification)
* Stops:
* /p/ as in "pen"
* /b/ as in "bed"
* /t/ as in "ten"
* /d/ as in "den"
* /k/ as in "cat"
* /g/ as in "gate"
* Fricatives:
* /f/ as in "fan"
* /v/ as in "van"
* /θ/ as in "thin"
* /ð/ as in "this"
* /s/ as in "sun"
* /z/ as in "zoo"
* /ʃ/ as in "ship"
* /ʒ/ as in "vision"
* /h/ as in "hat"
* Affricates:
* /tʃ/ as in "chair"
* /dʒ/ as in "jump"
* Nasals:
* /m/ as in "man"
* /n/ as in "not"
* /ŋ/ as in "sing"
* Liquids:
* /l/ as in "lot"
* /r/ as in "run"
* Approximants:
* /w/ as in "wet"
* /j/ as in "yes"
This is just one way to classify phonemes, and there are many other variations. The specific number and classification of phonemes can vary depending on the dialect and accent of a speaker.
If you're interested in learning more about phonetics, you can find resources online or consult a dictionary of phonetics.