1. Vocal Cord Issues:
* Laryngitis: Inflammation of the vocal cords, often caused by a viral infection, allergies, or overuse.
* Vocal Cord Nodules/Polyps: Benign growths on the vocal cords, usually caused by vocal abuse or overuse.
* Vocal Cord Paralysis: When one or both vocal cords are unable to move properly.
* Cancer: While rare, cancer of the larynx can cause hoarseness.
2. Other Medical Conditions:
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Stomach acid backs up into the throat, irritating the vocal cords.
* Allergies: Allergies can cause inflammation in the throat, leading to hoarseness.
* Dry Air: Low humidity can dry out the vocal cords, causing hoarseness.
* Certain medications: Some medications, like antihistamines, can dry out the throat and cause hoarseness.
3. Lifestyle Factors:
* Smoking: Smoking irritates the vocal cords and can lead to chronic hoarseness.
* Alcohol abuse: Alcohol can dehydrate the vocal cords and contribute to hoarseness.
* Yelling or screaming: Overuse of the voice can damage the vocal cords.
* Environmental irritants: Smoke, dust, and fumes can irritate the vocal cords.
4. Other Possible Causes:
* Foreign objects: Objects lodged in the throat can cause hoarseness.
* Trauma: Injury to the neck can damage the vocal cords.
When to see a doctor:
If hoarseness persists for more than 2 weeks, is accompanied by other symptoms like difficulty swallowing, ear pain, or a lump in the neck, or if it is accompanied by a history of smoking or alcohol abuse, it's important to see a doctor.
Note: This information is for general knowledge only and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment of hoarseness.