The Basics
* Applies to single-syllable words: The rule primarily applies to words with one syllable.
* Focus on the last letter: The consonant being doubled is the last letter of the base word.
* Check for the vowel sound: The vowel sound in the base word is key.
The Rule
Double the final consonant of a single-syllable word if:
1. The word ends in a single consonant: The consonant must not be part of a consonant blend (like "bl" or "st").
2. The vowel sound before the consonant is short: This means the vowel sound is the same as the letter (e.g., "cat," "hop," "run").
3. The suffix begins with a vowel: The suffix added to the word must start with a vowel (e.g., -ing, -ed, -er).
Examples:
* "hop" + "-ing" = "hopping" (Short vowel "o" sound)
* "run" + "-er" = "runner" (Short vowel "u" sound)
* "stop" + "-ed" = "stopped" (Short vowel "o" sound)
Exceptions
* Words ending in "w" or "y": These words generally do not double the final consonant.
* "cry" + "-ing" = "crying"
* "snow" + "-ing" = "snowing"
* Words with two consonants: The final consonant is not doubled.
* "help" + "-ing" = "helping"
* Words ending in "c" before "e," "i," or "y": The "c" is often doubled.
* "picnic" + "-ing" = "picnicking"
Important Note: While these rules are a good guide, there are always exceptions. It's helpful to consult a dictionary if you're unsure about doubling a consonant.