Here are the two main types of dashes and their common uses:
1. Em Dash (—)
* Setting off parentheticals: Used to set off parentheticals that are more emphatic or intrusive than those marked by commas.
* Example: The dog – a golden retriever named Buddy – was very friendly.
* Introducing a list or definition: Used to introduce a list or definition that follows.
* Example: My favorite hobbies include – reading, hiking, and baking.
* Marking an abrupt change in thought: Used to indicate a sudden change in direction or thought in the sentence.
* Example: I was about to leave – but then I saw her.
2. En Dash (–)
* Ranges and connections: Used to indicate a range of numbers, dates, or times, or to connect two related words or concepts.
* Example: The meeting will be held on July 1 – 3.
* Parentheticals (less common): Can be used for parentheticals, but is less common than the em dash.
Important notes:
* Spacing: In most cases, an em dash is not preceded or followed by a space.
* Use with other punctuation: An em dash can be used in conjunction with other punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, and semicolons.
In summary:
A dash punctuation is a versatile mark used to enhance the clarity and emphasis of your writing. It allows you to create pauses, set off parentheticals, and introduce lists or definitions. By understanding the different types of dashes and their proper usage, you can effectively incorporate them into your writing.