* The little dog laughed to see such a sport - This part is a complete sentence.
* The - definite article
* little - adjective
* dog - noun
* laughed - verb (past tense)
* to see - infinitive phrase (functioning as an adverb, modifying "laughed")
* such - adjective
* a - indefinite article
* sport - noun
* and dish ran away with spoon - This part is not a complete sentence.
* and - conjunction
* dish - noun
* ran - verb (past tense)
* away - adverb
* with - preposition
* spoon - noun
In summary, this sentence has a mix of parts of speech, including articles, adjectives, nouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, and a conjunction.