* No definitive list: There's no official, comprehensive list of all words borrowed from Persian.
* Gradual integration: Many words have entered English indirectly, through other languages like Arabic or Turkish.
* Evolution of meaning: Some words may have evolved in meaning over time, making it hard to trace their origins back to Persian.
However, we can say that Persian has made a significant contribution to the English vocabulary, especially in the areas of:
* Science and mathematics: Words like "algebra" (from *al-jabr*), "algorithm" (from *al-khwarizmi*), and "cipher" (from *sifr*, meaning "zero") originated in Persian.
* Luxury and trade: Words like "checkmate" (from *shah mat*, meaning "the king is dead"), "caravan," "sugar," "turban," and "pajamas" came into English through trade routes.
* Literature and culture: "Paradise" (from *pairidaeza*), "harem" (from *haram*), "divan" (from *dīwān*), and "genie" (from *jinn*) are examples of Persian loanwords that have enriched English literature and culture.
While the precise number of Persian words in English is unknown, it's safe to say that the language has left a lasting impact on English vocabulary and is a testament to the cultural and historical exchange between Persia and the West.