Here's why:
* "No" is an adverb meaning "not at all".
* "Longer" is an adjective meaning "for a greater length of time" or an adverb meaning "for a greater period of time".
* Together, they combine to mean "not any longer" or "not for a greater period of time".
Examples:
* She no longer lives in the city. (modifying the verb "lives")
* I am no longer interested in that job. (modifying the adjective "interested")
* He waited no longer than five minutes. (modifying the adverb "longer")