Here's a breakdown:
"C" at the end of a word:
* Soft "C" (pronounced like "s"): If the vowel before the "C" is "e", "i", or "y", the "C" is soft.
* Examples: "lace", "nice", "city", "fly"
* Hard "C" (pronounced like "k"): If the vowel before the "C" is "a", "o", or "u", the "C" is hard.
* Examples: "back", "rock", "luck"
"G" at the end of a word:
* Soft "G" (pronounced like "j"): If the vowel before the "G" is "e", "i", or "y", the "G" is soft.
* Examples: "age", "edge", "magic", "gypsy"
* Hard "G" (pronounced like "g"): If the vowel before the "G" is "a", "o", or "u", the "G" is hard.
* Examples: "bag", "fog", "rug"
Exceptions:
* "C" in words like "music" and "arctic" is pronounced as "k" even though it's followed by "i".
* "G" in words like "finger" and "longer" is pronounced as "j" even though it's followed by "e".
Remember, these are general rules, and there are always exceptions.