General:
* Unauthorized
* Misappropriating
* Improperly using
* Taking without consent
* Stealing (if the item is considered valuable or the act is deliberate)
* Trespassing (if the act involves physical space)
More specific:
* Plagiarizing (for intellectual property like writing or music)
* Pirating (for copyrighted material like software or music)
* Hacking (for accessing computer systems without authorization)
* Embezzling (for misusing funds entrusted to you)
* Infringing (for violating someone's rights or a law)
* Borrowing without permission (if the act is unintentional or done with the intention of returning the item)
The best word to use will depend on the specific situation and the level of formality you want to convey.