Here's a breakdown:
* Irony: Dickens uses irony to expose the Monseigneur's hypocrisy. For instance, he describes the Monseigneur's luxurious lifestyle while the people around him are starving. This creates a stark contrast that highlights the injustice of the system.
* Sarcasm: Dickens employs sarcasm to mock the Monseigneur's self-importance. The descriptions of his routines, like the meticulous way he eats his breakfast, are laden with sarcasm, highlighting his vanity and lack of concern for others.
* Hyperbole: Dickens exaggerates the Monseigneur's extravagance to emphasize his disconnect from reality. He uses phrases like "a sea of faces" and "a forest of carriages" to portray the sheer scale of the Monseigneur's wealth and power, further emphasizing the disparity between his life and the lives of the common people.
* Animalistic imagery: Dickens compares the Monseigneur to animals, particularly to a "pig," further dehumanizing him and emphasizing his lack of compassion.
* Dehumanization: Dickens deliberately avoids using the Monseigneur's name, instead referring to him as "the Monseigneur" or simply "he." This further distances him from the reader and emphasizes his role as a symbol of an oppressive system rather than an individual with human qualities.
Overall, Dickens's portrayal of the Monseigneur is a powerful indictment of the French aristocracy, highlighting their indifference to the plight of the poor and their role in perpetuating social injustice. The tone is not only condemnatory but also bitter and cynical, reflecting Dickens's deep-seated disgust at the inequalities of the time.