The origin of this phrase is unknown, but it's thought to be a combination of two older sayings:
* "Not a hair of his head": This phrase, dating back to at least the 16th century, was used to express that someone was completely safe.
* "Not a hide": This phrase, also from the 16th century, was used to express that something was completely gone, with no trace left behind.
The combination of these two sayings into "not a hide nor hair" emphasizes the complete disappearance of something or someone, leaving no trace whatsoever.
While the exact origin of the phrase is uncertain, its meaning is clear: it signifies the absence of any sign or indication of something or someone.