Spalling refers to the chipping or flaking of concrete due to various factors like:
* Freeze-thaw cycles: Water seeping into concrete expands when frozen, causing the concrete to break apart.
* Chemical attack: Acids or salts can react with the concrete, weakening it and causing spalling.
* Thermal shock: Sudden changes in temperature can stress the concrete and lead to spalling.
* Rebar corrosion: Rusting rebar can expand, putting pressure on the concrete and causing it to spall.
So, remember, it's spalling, not spaulling.