General terms:
* Absorption: This is a broad term referring to the process of one substance taking in another. In this case, the material is absorbing water.
* Permeation: This refers to the movement of a substance through a material, like water moving through a fabric.
* Infiltration: This is used for the movement of water into the ground or another porous material.
More specific terms:
* Imbibition: This describes the absorption of water by a solid material, causing it to swell.
* Capillary action: This refers to the movement of water upward through narrow spaces, like in a plant stem.
* Osmosis: This is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Contextual examples:
* Water soaking into a sponge: Absorption or imbibition
* Water soaking through a raincoat: Permeation
* Water soaking into the ground: Infiltration
* Water soaking into a seed: Imbibition
To choose the most accurate word, consider the specific material and the nature of the water movement.